The Diary of Lady Murasaki Reflection

The Diary of Lady Murasaki, gives the reader a glimpse of the imperial court during eleventh century Japan. Being an attendant in the imperial court, Murasaki is frequently involved with the activities of elite. As a woman, Lady Murasaki's descriptions are oriented around clothing, appearance, and the position of woman in Heian Japan. Lady Murasaki was the most educated woman in the court. She acknowledges learning the Chinese classics from listening to her brother’s lessons.She cautiously expressed for discretion in regards to her knowledge, since education was restricted for women due to the prejudices against women in the Buddhist convictions. Murasaki kept a personal diary, and spent her days filling it with notes from the daily activities of the court. I was a form of entertainment for Murasaki due to the lack of â€Å"excitement† in the court. The notes were almost making a mockery of the court and their way of life. She talked a lot about women and their role dur ing the time period in Japan. There wasn’t much going on inside the imperial court.The ladies-in-waiting spent there days engaged in gossip they had no other real responsibilities. The woman of the court wore lavish colorful garments. There were very strict rules on what colors the women were allowed to wear. For example, only woman from a certain rank were allowed to wear yellow-green or red, but it was restricted to only jackets, figured silk and printed trains. Only on special occasions, like the birth of a prince, were all ranks dressed in white. The woman also had very long luxurious hair. This was also a sign of rank in the imperial court.The way Lady Murasaki describes the women of the court, it seems that their true position was to serve as the eye candy. They weren’t educated, except for a small number of them, and they didn’t have any real power in the dynasty. During this time women faced severe isolation with limited education. Women in the Heian per iod were defined by restrictions of what was not permitted. Custom influenced by Buddhism, enforced strict physical limitations on women, not to be seen by men and sometimes even other women. It seems like more of a hassle to have women present in the court then not.Without women in the court there wouldn’t be children. Without children, there wouldn’t be any heirs to the throne. Lady Murasaki diary gave third party view in the life of the imperial court. The priorities of the women were more focused on appearance rather then education because of the Buddhist convictions. Even thought the women were held at different ranks in the court they all had the main purpose of keeping the dynasty alive via childbirth. Due to the advance in Murasaki’s education, her writings gave way to the beginning of education for women in Japan.

Learning Team Reflection: Chase Strategy Essay

Chase strategy is when production meets the demand and capacity from one period to the next. This strategy is mostly used when demand is unpredictable and there is no inventory. Many cases when using this strategy result in a hire turnover rate when it comes to employment which can lead to insecure and unhappy employees. Problems with labor unions may arise as well. Other results of this strategy include increased inventory costs and erratic use of factories and equipment. This allows factories to have a large amount of flexibility. A major advantage of the strategy is that inventory is allowed at its lowest level which can provide a savings to some companies. The just-in concept firms utilize the chase strategy to aggregate planning. There are many companies that prefer to use a combination of the level and chase strategy. The combination enables optimization of goals and lower costs more so than independently. Companies and businesses within the service industry that use this strategy are demand matching which means that the workforce must match the demand. Another example of an industry that uses the chase strategy is the auto industry. Companies like Ford, GM, and Hyundai have automobiles that depreciate quickly and the cost of warehousing, insurance, and taxes are high. Automobiles cannot be stockpiled for too long so therefore, only so many are made based on demand of the consumer. Another example would be the fast food industry. For example, Chik-Fil-A would only produce a meal once an order is taken which meets the demand of the customer. When companies in the service industry use Chase Strategy, they tend to hire hourly employees, part time employees and allow overtime in order to meet the demand of customers. Some disadvantages of using the Chase Strategy would be a high turnover rate which can cause low employee morale as well as problems with labor unions and a possible increase in labor costs. The use of the Chase Strategy could also mean higher hiring and training costs.

The Military in New Kingdom Egypt

‘Explain the role and importance of the military in New Kingdom Egypt. ’ In New Kingdom Egypt, the military became very important. The army evolved from being a disorganised band of conscripted peasants into a lethal, professional outfit well equipped and ready for combat. Egypt became the most expansionist it had even been in its history. The emergence of Egypt’s army started in the 18th Dynasty when Ahmose expelled the Hyksos from Egypt. Tuthmosis I and Tuthmosis III and also Ramses II and Ramses III further maintained Egypt’s military strength in campaigns ranging from Nubia to Syria. Prior to the New Kingdom in Egypt, the country’s military was an unprofessional group made up at different times of peasants, Nubian and Greek mercenaries and the King’s personal troops. In the New Kingdom, this changed dramatically. For the first time Egypt had a standing army, and being a soldier brought prestige and social standing as it had not done in the past. With the advances in the way the army was made up, there were also major advances in the equipment they used. For the first time body armour was used, as well as the sickle sword. During the 18th Dynasty in Egypt, Ahmose brought military to the fore of Egyptian life. He was the first king of the 18th Dynasty and probably ruled from 1539-1514 BC. Ahmose attacked Avaris and subsequently the Palestinian fortress of Sharuhen to end the Hyksos’ reign over Egypt. Ahmose then turned to Nubia and Egypt’s land grew south to the Second Cataract. After this Ahmose returned his attentions to Palestine and may have led campaigns as far as the Euphrates. Tuthmosis I followed soon after Ahmose’s reign and was highly trained in military practises. He only ruled for a short time – around 1493-1481 BC. However Tuthmosis I was a very effective general and in several campaigns, Tuthmosis I reached Argo, the Third Cataract, in Nubia and also the Euphrates River – while fighting the Syrians. He also defended Egypt’s colonies against the Mitanni people. Tuthmosis III was also very focussed on military. It is possible he spent most of his younger years in the military as his stepmother and regent, Hatshepsut, took over the rule of Egypt when Tuthmosis III was only very young. Tuthmosis III only took over the governance of Egypt when Hatshepsut finally died, leaving him free to take his rightful place. He ruled from around 1504-1450 BC, although for part of that time Hatshepsut may have been ruling. However once Tuthmosis III was king of Egypt, he led many successful military campaigns. He has even been referred to as the ‘Napoleon of Egypt’. In the battle for Megiddo, Tuthmosis III led his troops to fight through a narrow pass where soldiers could only march single file. When the army emerged from the canyon it was discovered that the enemy troops has arranged their lines expecting an attack from the two easier routes, and the Egyptians subsequently defeated their enemy in battle. In other wars, Tuthmosis III and his army marched from Thebes along the Syrian coast and captured three cities. Every year after that, Egypt’s armies would march against Syria until dominance over Palestine was established. Tuthmosis III recorded the capture of 350 cities at Karnak and he finally took the Syrian city Kadesh in his 42nd year of rule. The military continued to play a part in Egypt’s affairs during the New Kingdom with Ramses II. He was part of the 19th Dynasty and ruled from 1279-1213 BC. His most well known campaign was the Battle of Kadesh, although he brilliantly maintained Egypt’s borders against the Sherden (pirates) and created a defensive line of forts along Egypt’s north western border. Ramses II also made a peace treaty with the Hittites, which led to Egypt prospering greatly. Furthermore, Ramses II secured the kingdom of Amurru to return to Egyptian influence, as it had been lost during his father’s reign. However the Battle of Kadesh was his most famous, although was neither a victory but more of a loss for the Egyptians. Ramses II advanced on the Hittite army from the south, but was led to believe by captured enemy scouts that the Hittites were still far away to the north. Ramses set up camp only to find that the Hittites had already arrived for battle, and tried to hurry the rest of his army forward. However, 2 500 Hittites ambushed them as they tried to meet up with Ramses’ forces and were defeated. The Hittites then attacked Ramses and his troops. According to documentation, Ramses almost single handedly held off the Hittites. However it may be the case that the Hittites were simply distracted by the riches in the camp. Ramses was then saved by the appearance of the Ne’arin, another body of troops, which Ramses had separated in order to approach Kadesh from the north. The armies may have fought again the next day, but the end result of the conflict was the peace treaty between the Egyptians and the Hittites. This then prevented Egypt from ever taking control of Kadesh. Ramses III was the last great Pharaoh of Egypt and ruled in the 20th Dynasty from 1184-1153 BC. In Ramses III’s reign, the Libyans attacked in the south but were crushed by the Egyptian army. However Ramses and Egypt had a more powerful threat to deal with: the Sea People, who had destroyed the Hittite empire. The Sea People moved in to Egypt from Syria with the intention of settling. Luckily for Egypt Ramses was quick to send his army to fend off the Sea Peoples and the crisis was averted at least for a time. Next the Sea People approached from the sea, a cleaver move considering Egypt’s poor naval force. However again Egypt fended off this attack and saved itself once more. Ramses again proved himself an effective general while defending from another attack from the Libyans and Meshwesh which left 2 000 enemy soldiers dead on the battlefield. However once the New Kingdom collapsed Egypt lost most (if not all) of it’s colonies and was mostly ruled by foreigner. No one ever saw the likes of what occurred in the New Kingdom again. The military in New Kingdom Egypt was an organised and prestigious machine unlike anything that Egypt had seen before. Several Pharaohs stood out from the rest in terms of what they did for Egypt: Ahmose, who expelled that Hyksos; Tuthmosis I and Tuthmosis III who led campaigns in Nubia, Argo, Syria and Kadesh; Ramses II and Ramses III were both excellent generals who maintained Egypt’s borders and fought to maintain the existence of Egypt. During New Kingdom Egypt the military became more important than it had ever been in the last years of power of the world’s most fantastic nations.

Babylon Essay Research Paper In what today

Babylon Essay, Research Paper In what today is Iraq, there one time was a great civilisation known as Babylon, which at one clip could hold ruled the universe and was home to the 2nd admiration of the universe, the Hanging Gardens. Babylon was located in an ancient part surrounded by the Tigris and Euphrates River called the Mesopotamia country ( now southern Iraq near the terminal of the Fertile Crescent ) . This great civilisation foremost initiated around 3500 BC and began to crumple after the twelvemonth 323 BC. The Babylon civilization was successful because of the advanced citizens, cultural metropoliss, their engineering, and both political and legal systems. The capital of the Babylon Empire was a big metropolis in Babylon, which were place to 10,000 to 40,000 Sumerians and Semites ( names of Babylonians ) . The metropolis was discreet by a big wall to guard off any aggressors. Inside the walls there were several brilliant castles and temples utilized for mundane worship. The remainder of the metropolis had typical houses that had a cardinal courtyard established in every room. Narrow and writhing streets outside the wall at gaps located the houses where open-air markets at the bizarre took topographic point. Many people arising from two major civilisations populated Babylon: the mobile Sumerians and the cryptic Semitic. The Sumerians were the first people to settle in Babylon, after go forthing their fatherland in Sumeria, but bit by bit united with the Semitic. The Sumerians made the land into a great country to farm, rise farm animal, construct swamps, and irrigate canals. These lessons taught by the Sumerians instituted themselves in to Babylonian life. The Babylonians understood the proficient accomplishments of the Sumerians in irrigation and agribusiness. Keeping the system of canals butchs, weirs, and reservoirs exercised by their predecessors required considerable technology cognition and accomplishment. All of the tools and readyings the Sumerians used were inaugurated into Babylonian history. Due to Babylon? s location, agriculture was a methodical business necessitating great foresight, diligence, and skill. As in The Ancient Babylonian ( Davis: 4 ) , a papers written in Sumerian, but used as a text edition in the Babylon schools is a regular husbandman # 8217 ; s farmers calendar. It records a series of instructions and waies to steer farm activities from the lacrimation of the Fieldss, to the sifting of the harvested harvests. Babylon? s civilization is rather amazing. Law and justness were indispensable constructs in the Babylon manner of life. At the caput of the political construction was the male monarch, a more or less absolute sovereign who exercised legislative and judicial every bit good as executive powers. Justice was upheld by the tribunals, each of which consisted of from one to four Judgess. Often the seniors of a town constituted a court. The Judgess could non change by reversal their determinations for any ground, but entreaties from their finding of facts could be made to the male monarch. Evidence! either of statements from informants or of written paperss. Babylonian legal constructs have been inherited, in one signifier or another, by many civilisations around the universe. Babylonian art and arch itecture continues to astonish modern-day historiographers. To guarantee that their legal, administrative, and economic establishments operated efficaciously, the Babylonns used the cuneiform system of composing developed by their Sumerian predecessors. To develop their Scribes, secretaries, archivists, and other administrative forces, they used the Sumerian system of formal instruction, under which secular schools employed as the cultural centres of the land. Throughout Babylon? s history, it stayed as an independent state. However, near its terminal, others began to occupy and suppress this great civilisation. Babylon was portion of the Persian imperium from 539 B.C. until 331 B.C. when Alexander the Great took over the imperium. Alexander the Great loved Babylon so much he was able to do Babylon the capital of his imperium, but he? expired? in 323 BC and after that point the Babylon imperium began to crumple everlastingly. For case, Babylonian influence is permeant throughout the Bible and in the plants of such Grecian poets as Homer and Hesiod, in the geometry of the Grecian mathematician Euclid, in uranology, in star divination, and in heraldry. More than 1200 old ages had elapsed from the glorious reign of Hammurabi to the subjection of Babylonia by the Persians. During this long span of clip the Babylonian societal construction, economic organisation, humanistic disciplines and trades, scientific discipline and literature, judicial system, and spiritual beliefs underwent considerable alteration, but by and large merely in inside informations, non in kernel. Grounded about entirely on the civilization of Sumer, Babylonian cultural accomplishments left a deep feeling on the full antediluvian universe, and peculiarly on the Hebrews and the Greeks. Even contemporary civilisation is indebted culturally to Babylonian civilisation to some extent. On the other manus the Babylonn imperium has left us with many great promotion in many Fieldss and besides made their imperium sucessful. In decision the Babylonn imperium was one of the greatest civilisations of all time on this planet. 1.Breasted, James 1959 Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Babylon Harper and Row, New York 2.Budge, E.A. Wallis 1973 Babylon Civilization Dover Publications, Inc. , New York 3.Budge, E.A. Wallis 1976 Babylonian Ideas of the Future Life Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner A ; Co. , London 4.Davis, A. Rosalie 1982 The Ancient Babylonian Routledge A ; Kegan Paul, London 5.Davis, Charles H.S. 1894 The Babylonian G.P. Putnam? s Sons, New York 6.Jaynes, Julian 1976 The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston 7.Wenke, Robert J. 1990 Patterns in Prehistory Oxford University Press, New York 8.Jantzen, Steven L. and Kringer and Neill. 1990. World History: Positions of the Past Houghton Mifflin Company, Canada. 9.Boersma, Jay 1998 Exploring Ancient World Cultures hypertext transfer protocol: //www.watson.org/rivendell/historyBabylon.html 10.Michael Smith and Sandeep Aggarwal, 1993 Ancient Civilizations hypertext transfer protocol: //home.echo-on.net/~smithda/

Reasearch paper about Adulterants in toxicology specimens Research

Reasearch about Adulterants in toxicology specimens - Research Paper Example Basically, there are two classes of adulterants. One class includes the commonly available household substances including water, bleach, detergent, eye drops, baking soda, iodine tincture, and vinegar. The opposite classification includes the commercially out there adulterants with the subsequent ingredients: (1) nitrite: klear and whizzies. (2) Acid: â€Å"THC-FREE" and "Amber 13". (3) Detergent with purafyzi and test clean. (4) Glutaraldehyde: "Instant Clean Additive."(5) Oxidizing reagents: stealth and clear choic (Levine 5-6). In that sense, adulterants that are added to reduce the amount of expensive product in illicit drugs are termed as cutting agents. According to a view shared Levine (41) numerous biological specimens are usually tested for drug abuse. The compulsory guidelines for workplace drug testing need to make use of the urine as the basis of drug testing matrix. This is attributed to the fact that urine specimens usually have high drug concentrations and also contai n metabolites. On the other hand, alternate specimens provide particular advantageous over urine. They include: blood, saliva, semen, breath, earwax, nasal secretions, breast milk, nails, hair, and sebum all have the potential of being drug testing matrices. Blood is viewed to be a very useful matrix if the aim of the testing to determine the relationship between drug concentration and pharmacological effects. In that sense, hair and nails can also detect the long term or chronic use. Generally, the potential benefits of utilizing biological matrices as an alternative to urine include: greater analyte stability, less invasive collection requirements, a lower disease risk, ability to determine parent or the pharmacological active moiety, and easier shipment and storage (42). Urine Regulated workplace drug testing entities use urine as the specimen of choice for determining cocaine metabolite, opiates, amphetamines, and cannabinoids. In the non-regulated drug testing entities it may b e used to test for additional drug classes such as ethanol, benzodiazepines, and methadone. Illegal drug users may try to falsify the results by means of in vitro adulteration of specimens (Mikkelsen and Ash 2335). The adulterants can be added to urine so as to interfere with the definitive accuracy of drug tests. Most of these adulterants are oxidative in nature. Bleach, chromate, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide are viewed as effective urine adulterants sometimes with pH adjusting substances, for instance sodium bicarbonate or vinegar that are utilized by the illegal drug users in order to conceal the positive results of marijuana. A study conducted by Buddha and Jacobs reported that there are many methods that can be used to establish the availability of chromate and nitrite. However, the effects of other oxidizing agents that could probably be used as adulterants and could possibly be hard to detect or measure the level of toxicity in the specimen of urine. According to study cond ucted by Buddha and Jacobs (460) found out that urine samples containing 9-carboxylic acid THC-acid were actually treated with oxidizing agents that are commonly available. This means that these adulterants can be detected by most drug testing labs’ procedures. However, some less expensive tests do not comprehensively search for them. Since not all the adulterants can

Hiring Police Academy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hiring Police Academy - Essay Example Here, it is the danger that creates a bond among all the officers alike because there are no barriers of race or class. At the Academy, they live as one great community by overcoming racial and caste differences while sharing rich experiences. The job of police personnel in the Academy is unique because it gives them an identity of great importance. Training at the Police Academy though strenuous, does give one the impression that it is a very well – disciplined organization that transforms its recruits into highly trained professionals. Trainees learn the different military commands and violations are strictly punished while efficiency is well rewarded. Trainees do not possess police powers nor are they allowed possession of a gun, but after their training they are allowed to do these things. Ethics (chap.5) by Crank and Caldero (2004) is one of the most important and popular subjects in the criminal justice system which goes to prove that ethical values have to be inculcated into police officers regime for more favorable and respectable outcomes. Screening recruits on the basis of knowledge and values has become a priority when choosing people before imparting training. Pre- hiring procedures include Knowledge testing, physical fitness and agility, background, psychological testing besides a polygraph and oral interview.

Hot L Baltimore - Who is your favourite character and why Essay

Hot L Baltimore - Who is your favourite character and why - Essay Example Immediately the audience can understand the occupation, age and character of the young minx. She has no name, only an age: nineteen. Wilson gives her a tender age and makes her a prostitute at the same time. Maybe this is to reveal to the audience the cruelty of our age. Yet, nameless she presides over the entire three-act play, helping in any way possible. The most predominant emotions in her, makes the play embrace her as she wins over the audience with her charm and care. One of the most individualistic qualities about the Girl is her inability to reach a conclusion on anything she states. She is confused and regularly keeps changing her name and personality. This can also be one of the most alluring aspects about her because with her nothing stays definite. She changes like a chameleon making those around her incapable of deciphering her personality. It is evident that despite being in a profession that should harden one against the world, Girl is still as emotional and positive as possible. She feels this constant obligation to assist wherever and whenever possible. Sometimes enough so that sometimes she causes irritation such as the moment when in her attempts to help Bill she frustrates him into moving out of the way and distributing the mail. This is not the only instant her care shows because as soon as she discovers the mail contains eviction notices she immediately refuses to distribute it, claiming her disassociation with anything so negative. The Girl is not just caring, she is also very curious. This factor might be because of her age but this does not explain her desire to know anything that catches her attention. She wants to know about the ghosts in hotels in great detail and insists on asking a continuous series of questions regarding ghosts, their habitat and activities. This attracts the audience towards her because it